{"id":761,"date":"2024-10-17T15:00:02","date_gmt":"2024-10-17T15:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www2.marbio.sdu.dk\/?page_id=761"},"modified":"2024-11-24T16:21:12","modified_gmt":"2024-11-24T16:21:12","slug":"evolutionary-and-ecological-success-of-sponges-the-worlds-simplest-animals","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/?page_id=761","title":{"rendered":"Evolutionary and ecological success of sponges &#8211; the world&#8217;s simplest animals"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>2.6 mio. DKR. granted by Danmarks Frie Forskningsr\u00e5d (Independent Research Fund Denmark) to Hans Ulrik Riisg\u00e5rd, together with Jonathan Brewer (SDU) and Peter Funch (AaU) for 2 years (2018-2020).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong>: Sponges were present more than 600 million years ago and have ever since been important components in aquatic ecosystems. They are sessile and pump huge amounts of water through their bodies from which they filter out food particles. Most likely they share basic characteristics with more advanced filter-feeders that all possess protection and cleaning mechanisms to overcome particle-overloading. The goal of the project is to understand the mechanisms ensuring maintenance of the sponge filter-pump by providing a basic understanding of the origin and purpose of contractile behaviour of sponges. Understanding of the ecophysiology of sponges and comparison with other filter-feeders, such as the blue mussel that reduces its respiration rate to overcome starvation during winter months, may shed light on the evolutionary and ecological success of sponges &#8211; the world&#8217;s simplest multicellular animals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-layout-grid uagb-block-9f522fc7 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video height=\"720\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 1280 \/ 720;\" width=\"1280\" controls src=\"https:\/\/www2.marbio.sdu.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/1-s2.0-S0022098124000364-mmc2.mp4\"><\/video><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:-15px;margin-bottom:30px;font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.114), 15px);\"><em>Halichondria panicea<\/em>. Single-osculum sponge explant after exposure to 100 mg L<sup>\u22121<\/sup>&nbsp;(i.e., \u223c10<sup>6<\/sup>&nbsp;particles mL<sup>\u22121<\/sup>) inorganic marl particles (size range 2 to 25 \u00b5m) for 2 h and subsequent transfer to particle-free seawater at time&nbsp;<em>t<\/em>&nbsp;= 0. Water-pumping activity is evident from clumps of inorganic particles entangled in mucus frequently expelled through the osculum with the exhalant jet. White particles accumulate on the sponge surface during the video-observation time (duration: 16 s, frame rate: 60.61 fps). From: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0022098124000364?via%3Dihub#s0075\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Goldstein et al. (2024)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-layout-grid uagb-block-68befb02 alignwide uagb-is-root-container\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"460\" height=\"378\" src=\"https:\/\/www2.marbio.sdu.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Contraction_Goldstein-et-al.-2020.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5882\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Contraction_Goldstein-et-al.-2020.png 460w, https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Contraction_Goldstein-et-al.-2020-300x247.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:-15px;margin-bottom:30px;font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.114), 15px);\">Contractile phases of a single-osculum sponge explant (<em>Halichondria panicea<\/em>); side-view projected area and osculum (arrows) are visible. I: Phase of contraction with osculum closure and reduction in projected area; II: contracted phase with closed osculum and minimum projected area; III: phase of expansion with opening of osculum and increase in projected area; IV: expanded phase with open osculum and maximum projected area. Scale bar: 1 mm. From: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/marine-science\/articles\/10.3389\/fmars.2020.00113\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Goldstein et al. (2020)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-layout-grid uagb-block-99ffa530 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video height=\"730\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 972 \/ 730;\" width=\"972\" controls src=\"https:\/\/www2.marbio.sdu.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/freecompress-Explant-undisturbed.mp4\"><\/video><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:-15px;margin-bottom:30px;font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.114), 15px);\">Time-lapse observation (1-min-intervals; 24 fps) of an undisturbed <em>Halichondria panicea<\/em> sponge explant (top view). The sponge shows spontaneous contractions that involve its entire aquiferous system, including in-\/excurrent canals and the osculum. Scale bar: 1 mm. From: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0022098118300352?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Goldstein et al. (2019)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:30px\"><summary><strong>Publications<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>Goldstein, J., Bisbo, N. Funch, P.,&nbsp;Riisg\u00e5rd, H.U.&nbsp;(2019). Contraction-expansion and morphological changes of the aquiferous system in the demosponge&nbsp;<em>Halichondria panicea.&nbsp;<\/em>Front. Mar. Sci. &#8211; Aquatic Physiology 7: 113.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2020.00113\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2020.00113&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Larsen, P.S.,&nbsp;Riisg\u00e5rd, H.U.&nbsp;(2021). Pumping rate and size of demosponges &#8211; towards an understanding using modeling. J. Mar. Sci. Eng.&nbsp;9: 1308.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jmse9111308\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jmse9111308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Riisg\u00e5rd H.U.,&nbsp;Larsen, P.S. (2022). Actual and model-predicted growth of sponges &#8211; with a bioenergetic comparison to other filter-feeders.&nbsp;J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 10: 607.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jmse10050607\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jmse10050607<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Riisg\u00e5rd, H.U., Larsen, P.S. (2022) Filtration rates and scaling in demosponges.&nbsp;J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 10: 643.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jmse10050643\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jmse10050643<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Larsen, P.S.,&nbsp;Riisg\u00e5rd, H.U.&nbsp;(2022). Seize-specific growth of filter-feeding marine invertebrates. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 10: 1226.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jmse10091226\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jmse10091226<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Funch, P., Kealy, R.A, Goldstein, J., Brewer, J.R.,&nbsp;Solovyeva, V.,&nbsp;Riisg\u00e5rd, H.U.&nbsp;(2023).Fate of microplastic captured in the marine demosponge&nbsp;<em>Halichondria panicea.&nbsp;<\/em>Mar. Pollut. Bull. 194: 115403.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Riisg\u00e5rd, H.U.,&nbsp;Kealy, R.A, Goldstein J.,&nbsp;Brewer J., Solovyeva V., Funch, P. (2023). Choanocyte dimensions and pumping rates in the demosponge&nbsp;<em>Halichondria panicea<\/em>. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 569: 151957.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jembe.2023.151957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jembe.2023.151957<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Riisg\u00e5rd, H.U.&nbsp;(2024). Oxygen extraction efficiency and tolerance to hypoxia in sponges. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 12(1): 138.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jmse12010138\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jmse12010138<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Riisg\u00e5rd, H.U., L\u00fcskow, F., Larsen, P.S. (2024). Growth, filtration, and respiration characteristics of small single-osculum demosponge&nbsp;<em>Halichondria panicea<\/em>&nbsp;explants.&nbsp;J. Exp. Biol. 227: jeb247132. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.247132\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.247132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Goldstein, J.,&nbsp;Riisg\u00e5rd, H.U., Kealy, R.A., Funch P. (2024). Particle loads, contractile responses and cleaning in the demosponge <em>Halichondria panicea<\/em>. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 577: 152021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lees, M.K.,Riisg\u00e5rd, H.U., Larsen, P.S. (2024) Flow pattern, particle capture, and contractile behaviour in the demosponge&nbsp;<em>Halichondria panicea.<\/em>&nbsp;Mar. Biol. Res. 1-10.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17451000.2024.2390527\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17451000.2024.2390527<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Riisg\u00e5rd, H.U.<strong>,<\/strong>&nbsp;Larsen P.S. (2024). Energy costs of the sponge pump. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 746: 141-151.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Goldstein, J., Bisbo, N., Funch, P., Daugaard, N.D., Larsen, P.S., Brewer, J.R.,&nbsp;Riisg\u00e5rd, H.U.&nbsp;(2024). Aquiferous system, filtration rates and hydrodynamics of a syconoid calcareous sponge&nbsp;<em>Urna<\/em>&nbsp;sp. Mar. Biol. 171: 216. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00227-024-04532-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00227-024-04532-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kumala, L.,&nbsp;Riisg\u00e5rd, H.U<strong>.<\/strong>&nbsp;(2024). Growth, filtration and respiration under superfluous feeding in single-osculum single-osculum<em>&nbsp;Halichondria panicea<\/em>&nbsp;sponges. Oceans (accepted after changes)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2.6 mio. DKR. granted by Danmarks Frie Forskningsr\u00e5d (Independent Research Fund Denmark) to Hans Ulrik Riisg\u00e5rd, together with Jonathan Brewer (SDU) and Peter Funch (AaU) for 2 years (2018-2020). Abstract: Sponges were present more than 600 million years ago and have ever since been important components in aquatic ecosystems. They are sessile and pump huge [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5582,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-761","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Featured_sponge_project_II-scaled.jpg",2560,558,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Featured_sponge_project_II-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Featured_sponge_project_II-300x65.jpg",300,65,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Featured_sponge_project_II-768x167.jpg",768,167,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Featured_sponge_project_II-1024x223.jpg",1024,223,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Featured_sponge_project_II-1536x335.jpg",1536,335,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Featured_sponge_project_II-2048x446.jpg",2048,446,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"hur@biology.sdu.dk","author_link":"https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/?author=2"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"2.6 mio. DKR. granted by Danmarks Frie Forskningsr\u00e5d (Independent Research Fund Denmark) to Hans Ulrik Riisg\u00e5rd, together with Jonathan Brewer (SDU) and Peter Funch (AaU) for 2 years (2018-2020). Abstract: Sponges were present more than 600 million years ago and have ever since been important components in aquatic ecosystems. They are sessile and pump huge&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/761","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=761"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/761\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6929,"href":"https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/761\/revisions\/6929"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marbio.sdu.dk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=761"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}